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Signal phrase (with citation), + paraphrased or quoted text
In this pattern, the in-text citation is placed in a signal phrase that comes before the paraphrased or quoted text. The text must be an independent clause with both a subject and verb.
Examples
According to __________________ (YYYY), + paraphrased or quoted text.
a) According to Watson (1985), nursing is oriented towards humanistic values that are demonstrated through the art of caring.*
As ___________ (YYYY) + reporting verb, + paraphrased or quoted text.
b) As Watson (1985)has noted,nursing is oriented towards humanistic values that are demonstrated through the art of caring.*
