APA Referencing

Subject (YYYY) + reporting verb + object . . . .

Examples

Harris (2006) and Luthy et al. (2009) proposed the use of continuous feedback at specific points in the assignment development process.*

Banks-Wallace (1998) has identified six functions of storytelling.**

List of Pattern 1 verbs

The reporting verbs in this list can all be followed by a direct object.

add, advise, advocate, analyze, appraise, assess, assume, characterize, clarify, confirm, consider, contradict, critique, demonstrate, describe, determine, discount, discover, discuss, disregard, doubt, emphasize, evaluate, examine, explain, explore, express, highlight, identify, ignore, illustrate, interpret, investigate, justify, list, observe, oppose, outline, present, propose, question, refute, reiterate, reject, represent, reveal, scrutinize, show, stress, study, support, underscore, urge, use, validate, view, verify

Sources for example sentences

*Gazza, E. A., & Hunker, D. F. (2012). Facilitating scholarly writer development: The writing scaffold. Nursing Forum, 47(4), 278-285. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6198.2012.00275.x

** Restrepo, E., & Davis, L. (2003). Storytelling: Both art and therapeutic practice. International Journal for Human Caring, 7(1), 43-48. https://doi.org/10.20467/1091-5710.7.1.43